Due to their high predictive and informative potential, machine learning and deep learning have emerged as essential tools to advance microbiome research. This book provides insights and research findings related to AI in microbiology and demonstrates how AI can be applied to solve complex problems, accelerate research, and improve our understanding of microorganisms. It covers AI and machine learning techniques in plant growth and plant protection, in clinical, food and environmental microbiology. AI in microbiology is an interdisciplinary field, and this book will help bridge the gap between computer science, data analytics, and microbiology.