In order to minimize the pressure on resource exploitation, a paradigm shift is needed, involving research, challenges and technological innovations aimed not only at increasing productivity, but also at protecting and conserving the environment. To this end, protective, participatory and integrated legislation that combines agricultural sciences and sustainability must be put in place. In view of the above, the organizers and authors of this book hope that the chapters published will provide valuable and inspiring reflections for new studies on the subject of agricultural sciences, new technologies and sustainability, since these are interconnected areas of great relevance for global development based on environmental, social and economic balance.