The scientific study of the nervous system is referred to as neuroscience. It is a multidisciplinary field that combines anatomy, physiology, developmental biology, molecular biology, cytology, mathematical modeling and computer science to understand the fundamentals of neurons and neural circuits. Neurons are the specialized cells that play a significant role in communication. Neuroscience studies the brain and its impact on behavior and cognitive functions. It also covers the study of functional, cellular, behavioral, computational, evolutionary, medical and molecular aspects of the nervous system. There are several branches of neuroscience such as affective neuroscience, clinical neuroscience, behavioral neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, cultural neuroscience, computational neuroscience, developmental neuroscience, etc. The topics covered in this extensive book deal with the core subjects of neuroscience. It explores all the important aspects of this field in the present day scenario. For all those who are interested in the field of neuroscience, this book can prove to be an essential guide.