This book focuses on advances in materials science research. Chapter 1 explores the presence of heavy metals resulting from the transportation and distribution of petroleum products in Nigeria. Chapter 2’s focus is to employ the Abaqus code as the most used computer software for the analysis of rubbers. Chapter 3 focuses on the mathematical simulation and experimentation of plasma ignition of solid fuel. Chapter 4 presents an innovative approach to enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by employing a double active layer architecture with Cs2TiBr6 and MASnBr3 perovskites. Chapter 5 discusses the combined effect of nano-silica used in natural oil and gas well cementing. Chapter 6 systematically investigates the characteristics of poly(lactic acid)/polyethylene glycol and graphite oxide. Chapter 7 is aimed at the role of hole transport materials (HTMs) and electron transport materials (ETMs) in perovskite solar cell performance. Chapter 8 analyzes Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) microwave plasma-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). Finally, Chapter 9 investigates the solid-state structure of a copolymer composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and azacalixarene.