This book focuses on advances in health and disease. Chapter 1 discusses enteral insufficiency in purulent inflammation in the abdominal cavity. Chapter 2 analyzes the foundation of bioethics which includes the principles, challenges and applications in medical practice. Chapter 3 attempts to explain the biosynthesis, chemical composition, antioxidant activities and therapeutic potential of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) in their role in disease prevention and treatment. Chapter 4 examines the recent prevalence of brucellosis, the pathogenicity of the microorganism as well as the clinical manifestations of the infection in humans. Chapter 5 discusses innovative liposomal systems in phytotherapy. In Chapter 6 the pathomechanisms, triggers and different clinical presentations of vitiligo, as well as the safety of various cosmetic applications are reviewed. Finally, Chapter 7 is aimed at the antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles.