This volume contains eight chapters that detail advances in health and disease. Chapter One presents state-of-the-art research of Ovalbumin bioactive peptides (OVA-BAPs). Chapter Two focuses on providing a comprehensive overview of OVA in human nutrition and the food industry. Chapter Three elaborates on an approach to identify critical factors affecting the pharmacokinetics in rats of several formulations of acyclovir. Chapter Four provides a comprehensive review of the literature on the pathophysiology and current therapies of CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Chapter Five focuses on endocrine immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including their pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnostic processes, clinical characteristics, and management. Chapter Six discusses the benefits of beetroot juice in resistance training. Chapter Seven presents the challenges and opportunities in postgraduate medical education. Lastly, Chapter Eight discusses biologically encapsulated nanoparticles, which are used for improving drug interaction to control and cure disease.