This book presents an innovative and thought-provoking argument regarding the foundations of politics and its ethical implications, exploring the difference between what politics is (and/or can be) and what it is not (and/or cannot be). It distinguishes between two fundamental forms of political poverty, namely ontological poverty and theoretical poverty. Ontological poverty depicts the negative foundation upon which the political relies—an absence that, paradoxically, underpins the political existence. In contrast, theoretical poverty emerges when this ontological datum is self-delusively denied by politics itself, leading to the loss of political properties of politics, or political poverty, and the resulting dehumanisation of the political subject. Drawing on Aristotelian logic, the volume discloses the aporetic condition of political ontology, deploying phenomenological inquiry through deconstruction. Through close readings of Kafka, Agamben, Derrida, Levinas, and Schmitt among others, it maps the porous threshold between the political and the non-political, illuminating how this tension—between being and becoming—is conditional to politics itself and simultaneously the site of its potential impoverishment. In this context, theoretical poverty is recognised as the prodromic moment when politics ceases to carry its own name, severing its ties to the ethical and ontological relations that sustain it. This work makes a significant contribution to contemporary debates in political philosophy, political theory, political ontology, and ethics. It will particularly appeal to scholars engaged with continental philosophy and literary theory. It opens a new avenue of inquiry into the political foundations by questioning what politics is and what it risks not becoming.